coup/src/lib.rs

//! Coup is a game of deception for two to six players.

use rand::seq::SliceRandom;

use std::fmt;

use Action::*;
use Card::*;

pub type CoupResult<T> = Result<T, &'static str>;

#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug)]
/// Each card represents the right to perform specific actions or counteractions.
pub enum Card {
    Duke,
    Assassin,
    Captain,
    Ambassador,
    Contessa,
}

impl Card {
    pub fn allows_action(self, action: Action) -> bool {
        matches!((self, action),
                 (_, Income) |
                 (_, ForeignAid) |
                 (Duke, Tax) |
                 (Assassin, Assassinate) |
                 (Ambassador, Exchange) |
                 (Captain, Steal))
    }
    pub fn blocks_action(self, action: Action) -> bool {
        matches!((self, action),
                 (Duke, ForeignAid) |
                 (Captain, Steal) |
                 (Ambassador, Steal) |
                 (Contessa, Assassinate))
    }
}

trait Stack {
    fn draw(&mut self, player: &mut Player) -> CoupResult<()>;
    fn draw_first(&mut self, card: Card) -> bool;
    fn shuffle(&mut self);
}

impl Stack for Vec<Card> {
    fn draw(&mut self, player: &mut Player) -> CoupResult<()> {
        match self.pop() {
            Some(card) => {
                player.cards.push(card);
                Ok(())
            },
            None => Err("Tried to draw from an empty deck!"),
        }
    }

    fn draw_first(&mut self, card: Card) -> bool {
        match self.iter().position(|c| *c == card) {
            Some(i) => {
                self.remove(i);
                true
            },
            None => false,
        }
    }
    
    fn shuffle(&mut self) {
        let deck = self.as_mut_slice();
        let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
        deck.shuffle(&mut rng);
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Card {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let name = match self {
            Duke => "Duke",
            Assassin => "Assassin",
            Captain => "Captain",
            Ambassador => "Ambassador",
            Contessa => "Contessa",
        };
        write!(f, "{}", name)
    }
}

#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Debug)]
/// The actions a player can perform on their turn.
pub enum Action {
    Income,
    ForeignAid,
    Coup,
    Tax,
    Assassinate,
    Exchange,
    Steal,
}

impl Action {
    /// If the action needs a target.
    pub fn is_targeted(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, Coup | Steal | Assassinate)
    }

    /// Which players may challenge the action.
    pub fn challenger_mode(self) -> ResMode {
        match self {
            Income | ForeignAid | Coup => ResMode::None,
            Assassinate | Steal | Tax | Exchange => ResMode::Anyone,
        }
    }

    /// Which players may block the action.
    pub fn blocker_mode(self) -> ResMode {
        match self {
            Income | Tax | Exchange | Coup => ResMode::None,
            Assassinate | Steal => ResMode::Target,
            ForeignAid => ResMode::Anyone,
        }
    }

    /// How much the action costs to perform.
    pub fn coin_cost(self) -> u8 {
        match self {
            Assassinate => 3,
            Coup => 7,
            _ => 0,
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for Action {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let name = match self {
            Income => "Income",
            ForeignAid => "Foreign Aid",
            Coup => "Coup",
            Tax => "Tax",
            Assassinate => "Assassinate",
            Exchange => "Exchange",
            Steal => "Steal",
        };
        write!(f, "{}", name)
    }
}

#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
/// How the other players may respond to an action.
pub enum ResMode {
    None,
    Target,
    Anyone,
}

#[derive(Clone)]
/// The cards and coins a single player possesses.
pub struct Player {
    pub coins: u8,
    pub cards: Vec<Card>,
}

impl Player {
    /// If the player still possesses any cards, and thus is still in the game
    pub fn is_alive(&self) -> bool {
        !self.cards.is_empty()
    }
    fn wins_challenge(&self, action: Action) -> bool {
        self.cards.iter().any(|c| c.allows_action(action))
    }
            
    fn lose(&mut self, card: Card, deck: &mut Vec<Card>) {
        self.cards.draw_first(card);
        deck.push(card);
    }
    
    fn holds(&self, card: Card) -> bool {
        self.cards.iter().any(|c| *c == card)
    }
}

impl Default for Player {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Player {
            cards: Vec::new(),
            coins: 2,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Game {
    pub players: Vec<Player>,
    pub deck: Vec<Card>,
    pub discard: Vec<Card>,
    pub turn: usize,
}

macro_rules! thrice {
    ($($e:expr),*) => {
        vec![$($e, $e, $e),*]
    }
}

impl Game {
    /// Creates a new game, with default [Players](Player) and a shuffled deck of [Cards](card)
    pub fn new(num_players: usize) -> Self {
        let mut deck = thrice![Duke, Assassin, Captain, Ambassador, Contessa];
        deck.shuffle();
        let mut players = Vec::new();
        players.resize_with(num_players, Player::default);
        for player in &mut players {
            deck.draw(player).unwrap();
            deck.draw(player).unwrap();
        }
        Game {
            deck,
            players,
            discard: Vec::new(),
            turn: 0,
        }
    }
    /// If all but one [Players](Player) have lost all influence.
    pub fn is_game_over(&self) -> bool {
        self.players.iter().filter(|p| p.is_alive()).count() == 1
    }
    
    fn turn_iterator(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = usize> + '_ {
        let players_turn_order = std::iter::successors(Some(self.turn), |p| {
            let next = (p + 1) % self.players.len();
            if next == self.turn {
                None
            } else {
                Some(next)
            }
        });
        players_turn_order.skip(1).filter(|p| self.players[*p].is_alive())
    }

    fn advance(&mut self) {
        let next = self.turn_iterator().next();
        if let Some(next) = next {
            self.turn = next;
        }
    }

    fn player_lose_influence(&mut self, id: usize, channels: &Channels) -> CoupResult<()> {
        channels.send(id, Message::LoseInfluence);
        let card = channels.recv_discard(id)?;
        let player = &self.players[id];
        if player.holds(card) {
            self.players[id].lose(card, &mut self.discard);
            channels.broadcast(Message::Discard(card));
            Ok(())
        } else {
            Err("Player discarded a card they don't hold")
        }
    }

    pub fn action(&mut self, channels: &Channels) -> CoupResult<Phase> {
        channels.broadcast(Message::Turn(self.turn));
        let move_ = channels.recv_move(self.turn)?;
        if move_.action.is_targeted() && move_.target.is_none() {
            Err("Targeted action with no target")
        } else if move_.action.coin_cost() > self.players[self.turn].coins {
            Err("Cannot afford action")
        } else {
            channels.broadcast(Message::Move(move_));
            Ok(Phase::ActionChallenge(move_))
        }
        // TODO there're definately more cases, find and cover these
    }

    pub fn action_challenge(&mut self, move_: Move, channels: &Channels) -> CoupResult<Phase> {
        match move_.action.challenger_mode() {
            ResMode::None => Ok(Phase::Block(move_)),
            ResMode::Target => unreachable!(),
            ResMode::Anyone => {
                let wait_timer = Timer::start();
                let challenger = 'outer: loop {
                    if wait_timer.is_timeout() {
                        break None
                    }
                    for id in self.turn_iterator() {
                        if let Some(()) = channels.try_recv_challenge(id) {
                            break 'outer Some(id)
                        }
                    }
                };
                
                if let Some(challenger) = challenger{
                    let current_player_wins = self.players[self.turn].wins_challenge(move_.action);
                    if current_player_wins {
                        // Challenger loses influence
                        self.player_lose_influence(challenger, channels)?;
                        Ok(Phase::Block(move_))
                    } else {
                        // Player loses influence
                        self.player_lose_influence(self.turn, channels)?;
                        // Turn is forfeit
                        self.advance();
                        Ok(Phase::Done)
                    }
                } else {
                    Ok(Phase::Block(move_))
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn block(&mut self, move_: Move, channels: &Channels) -> CoupResult<Phase> {
        match move_.action.blocker_mode() {
            ResMode::None => Ok(Phase::Resolution(move_)),
            ResMode::Target => {
                let wait_timer = Timer::start();
                let card = loop {
                    if wait_timer.is_timeout() {
                        break None
                    }
                    if let Some(card) = channels.try_recv_block(move_.target.unwrap()) {
                        break Some(card)
                    }
                };
                
                match card {
                    Some(card) => {
                        if card.blocks_action(move_.action) {
                            Ok(Phase::BlockChallenge(move_, Block {
                                blocker: move_.target.unwrap(),
                                card,
                            }))
                        } else {
                            Err("Card does not block action")
                        }
                    },
                    None => Ok(Phase::Resolution(move_)),
                }
            }
            ResMode::Anyone => {
                let wait_timer = Timer::start();
                let block = 'outer: loop {
                    if wait_timer.is_timeout() {
                        break None
                    }
                    for id in self.turn_iterator() {
                        if let Some(card) = channels.try_recv_block(id) {
                            break 'outer Some(Block {
                                blocker: id,
                                card,
                            })
                        }
                    }
                };

                if let Some(block) = block {
                    if block.card.blocks_action(move_.action) {
                        Ok(Phase::BlockChallenge(move_, block))
                    } else {
                        Err("Card does not block action")
                    }
                } else {
                    Ok(Phase::Resolution(move_))
                }
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn block_challenge(&mut self, move_: Move, block: Block, channels: &Channels) -> CoupResult<Phase> {
        let wait_timer = Timer::start();
        let is_challenge = loop {
            if wait_timer.is_timeout() {
                break false
            }
            if let Some(()) = channels.try_recv_challenge(self.turn) {
                break true
            }
        };
        if is_challenge {
            if self.players[block.blocker].holds(block.card) {
                // Player challenged incorrectly, loses influence and turn is forfeit
                self.player_lose_influence(self.turn, channels)?;
                self.advance();
                Ok(Phase::Done)
            } else {
                // Player challenged correctly, blocker loses a card
                self.player_lose_influence(block.blocker, channels)?;
                // Game continues
                Ok(Phase::Resolution(move_))
            }
        } else {
            // Player chose not to challenge the block, turn is forfeit
            self.advance();
            Ok(Phase::Done)
        }   
    }

    pub fn resolution(&mut self, move_: Move, channels: &Channels) -> CoupResult<Phase> {
        self.players[self.turn].coins -= move_.action.coin_cost();
        match move_.action {
            Income => self.players[self.turn].coins += 1,
            ForeignAid => self.players[self.turn].coins += 2,
            Coup | Assassinate => match move_.target {
                Some(target) => {
                    // Target may have died from challenge
                    let target_alive = self.players[target].is_alive();
                    if target_alive {
                        self.player_lose_influence(target, channels)?;
                    }
                }
                _ => return Err("Coup/Assassinate resolution has no target"),
            },
            Tax => self.players[self.turn].coins += 3,
            Exchange => {
                let drawn = vec![self.deck.pop().unwrap(), self.deck.pop().unwrap()];
                let hand = self.players[self.turn].cards.clone();
                let mut choices = [drawn, hand].concat();
                let mut discarded = [Ambassador; 2];
                for card in &mut discarded {
                    *card = channels.recv_discard(self.turn)?;
                }
                for card in discarded {
                    if !choices.draw_first(card) {
                        return Err("Exchanged a card that was not in choices");
                    } else {
                        self.deck.push(card);
                    }
                }
                self.players[self.turn].cards = choices;
                self.deck.shuffle();
            }
            Steal => match move_.target {
                Some(target) => {
                    let val = self.players[target].coins.min(2);
                    self.players[self.turn].coins += val;
                    self.players[target].coins -= val;
                    
                }
                _ => return Err("Steal resolution has no target"),
            }        
        }
        self.advance();
        Ok(Phase::Done)
    }
}

#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct Move {
    pub action: Action,
    pub target: Option<usize>,
}

#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct Block {
    pub blocker: usize,
    pub card: Card,
}

/// Phase we should move to.
///
/// Coup turns have 5 phases, depending on what actions are taken each phase
/// some phases might be skipped. 
#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
pub enum Phase {
    ActionChallenge(Move),
    Block(Move),
    BlockChallenge(Move, Block),
    Resolution(Move),
    Done,
}

use std::sync::mpsc;


#[derive(Default)]
pub struct Channels {
    txs: Vec<mpsc::Sender<Message>>,
    rxs: Vec<mpsc::Receiver<Message>>,
}

impl Channels {
    pub fn add_channel(&mut self, tx: mpsc::Sender<Message>, rx: mpsc::Receiver<Message>) {
        self.txs.push(tx);
        self.rxs.push(rx);
    }
    pub fn send(&self, id: usize, msg: Message) {
        self.txs[id].send(msg).unwrap();
    }
    pub fn recv(&self, id: usize) -> Message {
        self.rxs[id].recv().unwrap()
    }
    pub fn try_recv(&self, id: usize) -> Option<Message> {
        self.rxs[id].try_recv().ok()
    }
    pub fn broadcast(&self, msg: Message) {
        for id in 0..self.rxs.len() {
            self.send(id, msg);
        }
    }
    pub fn recv_move(&self, id: usize) -> CoupResult<Move> {
        let msg = self.recv(id);
        match msg {
            Message::Move(move_) => Ok(move_),
            _ => Err("Expected move"),
        }
    }
    pub fn recv_discard(&self, id: usize) -> CoupResult<Card> {
        let msg = self.recv(id);
        match msg {
            Message::Discard(card) => Ok(card),
            _ => Err("Expected discard")
        }
    }
    pub fn try_recv_challenge(&self, id: usize) -> Option<()> {
        let msg = self.try_recv(id);
        match msg {
            Some(Message::Challenge) => Some(()),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
    pub fn try_recv_block(&self, id: usize) -> Option<Card> {
        let msg = self.try_recv(id);
        match msg {
            Some(Message::Block(card)) => Some(card),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum Message {
    Turn(usize),
    LoseInfluence,
    Move(Move),
    Challenge,
    Block(Card),
    Discard(Card),
}

use std::time::{ Instant, Duration };
const WAIT_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
struct Timer {
    start: Instant,
}
impl Timer {
    fn start() -> Self {
        Timer { start: Instant::now() }
    }
    fn is_timeout(&self) -> bool {
        Instant::now() > self.start + WAIT_TIME
    }
}
        

#[cfg(test)]
mod test;